CNN Student News 201804 20_Cuba`s Government Names a New Leader

APRIL 20, 2018

Cuba`s Government Names a New Leader; Scientists Follow Eye Movement to Diagnose Possible Concussions; The History of Ramen Noodles

CARL AZUZ, CNN 10 ANCHOR: Fridays are awesome! 

We`re starting out like that. I`m Carl Azuz for CNN 10.

First story we`re explaining today takes us to an island nation famously said to be 90 miles away from Key West, Florida, but which has a very

different system of government than the U.S.

Cuba is a communist state. Its leadership has strict control over the media, the Internet. The communist party is the only legal party on the

island. And Cuba`s new leader wasn`t elected by the people but rather Cuba`s legislative branch, its national assembly, which almost always votes

unanimously for whatever the president proposes.

With that president, Raul Castro, planning to retire more or less, that national assembly has just named Miguel Diaz-Canel its new president. This

is the first time in almost six decades that Cuba won`t be led by a man named Castro. In fact, when former President Fidel Castro led Cuba`s

communist revolution in 1959, Diaz-Canel hadn`t been born yet.

The 57-year-old first vice president is the unopposed candidate to replace Cuba`s current leader. And Diaz-Canel is expected to keep the status quo

in Cuba, closely following the leadership of the Castro presidents, while Raul Castro will keep a powerful leadership position and have the final say

on important decisions.

People expect things will stay the same under likely President Diaz-Canel. The communist government`s supporters in the island say it will continue on

its course, even without the Castros. Opponents will likely have to wait longer to see any significant change.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ (voice-over): Ten-second trivia:

What is the fattiest organ in the human body?

Is it the skin, the brain, the liver, or the stomach?

The human brain is almost 60 percent fat, making it the fattiest organ we have.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: There`s a new study out that suggests concussions and even more serious brain injuries might carry an increased risk of developing

Parkinson`s disease later in life. This disorder has symptoms like shaking uncontrollably, trouble keeping balance and slow movements. And there`s no

cure for it.

The study looked at the medical records of more than 300,000 military veterans. Now, its` important to point out that relatively few of these

people, less than 1 percent, ever developed Parkinson`s disease, even though half the veterans in the study had had some form of brain injury.

But among the nearly 1,500 who did develop Parkinson`s, almost 950 had had a traumatic brain injury, while just over 500 had not.

Researchers concluded that brain injuries carried a greater risk of developing Parkinson`s later on, at least among those who actually got the

disease.

It`s one example of how scientists are constantly exploring the brain for symptoms of injuries that could lead to earlier diagnosis and maybe even a

cure for brain diseases.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

REPORTER: In order to protect athletes, tech is studying one of our smallest features.

DR. MICHAEL KELLY, SPORTS MEDICINE: When your eyes are working normally and you`re following something across your field of vision, your eyes would

smoothly track that. When somebody has a concussion, suddenly, the ability to track that becomes very erratic and your eyes are having trouble

focusing so they move in very -- like varied patterns and varied speed. We can pick up a concussion using the eye guide focus.

REPORTER: Your ability to follow an object with your eyes is called tracking. A concussion breaks down how your brain and eyes normally talk

to one another. So, smoothly tracking after a bad hit is difficult.

That`s what the eye guide focus records. Your results are taken before and after an event.

KELLY: So, you can see in the blue was the base line, you did before the bout. The green was about five minutes after he had what we call a flash

knockout, a very quick knockout and this is a much heavier fighter who won. But if you notice, again, the blue was the baseline where you see a very

smooth figure. The red is after the bout.

It`s a supplement to the physician evaluation and the normal criteria that we follow changes in speed, memory, concentration, reaction time and eye

movements.

REPORTER: Right now, there`s no single diagnostic tool to determine if someone has a concussion. So, doctors use a combination of tests, like

asking you to repeat numbers or a phrase and checking your hearing and balance, to figure out what`s happening inside your head.

DR. MARC DINKIN, NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGIST, WEILL CORNELL MEDICINE: The after concussions and other mild traumatic brain injuries, often the MRI and the

CAT scans do not show any pathology. And so, we really are dependent on our clinical exam to understand where the problem is, and a lot of

different ways to look at the neurological function of the patient. But eye movements are something that we can look at and quantify.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Even thought we`re a couple of weeks past Ramen Noodle Day -- yes, there`s a Ramen Noodle Day. It`s on April 4th. We`re still reporting on

the culinary creation, the holiday in its honor is observed in the U.S., but that`s not where Ramen noodles were invented. To fill you up on

interesting info about the history of Ramen, we`re passing the mike to our friends at "Great Big Story".

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

REPORTER: Some people associate instant noodles with broke college students, but instant ramen wasn`t created for a bunch of hungry 20-year-

olds. The man who invented them was much more ambitious. He set out to solve a hunger crisis in Japan.

SUBTITLE: Let Them Eat Ramen.

REPORTER: After World War II, food shortages plagued Japanese cities, so the U.S. supplied wheat flour and encouraged the Japanese to make bread.

One man named Momofuku Ando didn`t understand why his people would make bread instead of noodles, something that was already part of their culture.

Ando decided to take matters into his own hands and create a new ramen made to last. He spent a year trying to figure out how to preserve the noodles.

He needed a nonperishable tasty and easy recipe but it was a challenge to maintain the robust flavors and unique texture that most people were

accustomed to.

It wasn`t until his wife was making dinner one night and he threw some noodles in a bowl of hot tempura oil that he realized flash frying the

noodles was the answer he had been looking for. This method not only dehydrated them, it left small perforations that allowed the noodles to

recook quickly.

And there you have it. instant ramen noodles became an instant success. Ando`s products gained notoriety when he introduced the packaged ramen in

the 1950s and later cup noodles in 1978. His company began selling upwards of billion units every year and Momofuku Ando became a culinary icon in

Japan.

So, the next time you heat up a cup of instant noodles, remember you`re slurping down a little piece of history.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: If you or someone you know has struggled to assemble furniture, this could be a welcome sight -- at least you bought a solid pine step-on chair

from IKEA. That`s what researchers in Singapore thought this robot to build. It failed a few times along the way, but it eventually learned to

observe, plan and finally assemble the chair, taking a little over 19 minutes to do it, if you don`t count the three years researchers spent

programming the robot.

So, was it a good IKEA? You can at least see what the big IKEA was. It`s far easier to have a seat than to build one. And if you`re the chair of a

research lab, you want to make sure a project stands on its own before you sit back and chair the results.

Oh, yes, seat puns. They always have a leg to stand on.

I`m Carl Azuz and CNN 10 hopes you have a great weekend.

END 

CNN Student News 201804 19_The Upcoming Talks Between the U.S. and North Korea

APRIL 19, 2018

The Upcoming Talks Between the U.S. and North Korea; Tributes Being Paid to Former First Lady Barbara Bush; The Challenges Posed By Plastics

CARL AZUZ, CNN 10 ANCHOR: Never before has a sitting U.S. president met with the sitting leader of North Korea. But with plans for a meeting in

the works, CNN 10 starts today by explaining how it could come together and what`s changed between the two rival countries to make it possible.

First, U.S. President Donald Trump said earlier this week that discussions about the meeting had been happening at, quote, very high levels. The

White House says the president hasn`t directly spoken to North Korean dictator Kim Jong Un, but President Trump says CIA Director Mike Pompeo,

who`s also the president`s pick to be the next secretary of state, met with Kim in North Korea on Easter weekend.

So, the ground works are being laid for a face-to-face meeting of the two countries` leaders, and that could be held in late May or early June. But

where?

President Trump said five places are being considered. He didn`t give specifics, but other U.S. government officials have suggested several

possibilities, including the nations of Mongolia, Singapore, or Malaysia, a natural European country, a South Korean island, the demilitarized zone

between North Korea and South Korea, or even a ship at sea.

Wherever the meeting may be, the big goal for the U.S. is to get North Korea to give up its nuclear weapons program, which is illegal as far as

the United Nations is concerned. The goals for North Korea could include international recognition and relief from the sanctions put on the country

for its nuclear program. But there`s still doubt about how sincere the Asian country is.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

REPORTER: There`s been a lot of change happening between North Korea and the world recently. So, how did we get here?

It started with a speech. New Year`s Day 2018, North Korean leader Kim Jong-un signaled he`d be willing to send athletes to the Winter Olympics in

the South. Just six weeks later, they were there, competing, in some cases, as one thing, marching under one flag.

Then, there were talks between the North and the South, the highest profile in years. And then this --

CHUNG EUI-YONG:, SOUTH KOREAN NATIONAL SECURITY CHIEF: President Trump officiated the briefing and said he would meet Kim Jong-un by May.

REPORTER: Putting in motion a potential meeting between Kim Jong-un and U.S. President Donald Trump.

So, what changed?

WILL RIPLEY, CNN INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT (via telephone): This would have been unthinkable last year, when North Korea was launching missiles

and testing nuclear devices.

REPORTER: That`s Will Ripley, an international correspondent with CNN who`s reported from North Korea more than a dozen times.

RIPLEY: Now, there`s been this breathtaking about-face. Kim Jong-un wants to stay in power for many decades to come and in order to do that, he feels

that right now, the best course of action is diplomacy and that`s what we`re seeing him do.

REPORTER: Sanctions impacting trade also seemed to be playing a big role, especially with China on board.

LISA COLLINS, CENTER FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES (via telephone): According to reports coming out of China, and the border

between China and North Korea, the trade between the two countries has been decreasing over the last several months and most people attribute that to

sanctions.

REPORTER: Lisa Collins is a political analyst specializing in Korean relations. Perhaps that explains this, an unprecedented visit by Kim Jong-

un to Beijing, his first known trip out of North Korea since becoming leader in 2011.

RIPLEY: As quickly as things have changed in this direction, we always to keep in mind, they can change any other direction as well. We have seen

this movie play out in the past, when North Korea has opened up after time (INAUDIBLE) tension, diplomacy has looked very promising and then the

situation has spiraled back downward.

REPORTER: Does Kim want more bargaining or more money flowing into North Korea? It`s hard to say. Maybe both.

One thing that there`s no question about is that North Korean relations have changed. The next question is, whether they will last?

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Across the U.S., people are remembering and honoring a former first lady. Barbara Bush passed away Tuesday at age 92. She was the wife of the

41 president, George H.W. Bush, and the mother of the 43rd president, George W. Bush. She`d been fighting COPD, a lung disease, as well as

congestive heart failure.

But despite, Mrs. Bush stayed active in her last years, raising money for charity and continuing her legacy of promoting literacy.

Current and former elected officials laid politics aside to praise Mrs. Bush. President Donald Trump, a Republican, and former President Barack

Obama, a Democrat, recognized the Republican first lady for her work and her character.

Abigail Adams, who died in 1818, was the only other woman to have been both the first lady and the mother of a president.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

SUBTITLE: Barbara Bush: "The Enforcer".

Barbara Bush was the second woman in history to be both a wife and a mother to a U.S. president.

BARBARA BUSH, FORMER FIRST LADY: If anyone can beat, I want to see it.

SUBTITLE: She met her husband, future President George H.W. Bush, at a dance in 1941. They married in 1945.

BUSH: I married the first man I ever kissed. You talk about a bore, I am the world`s worst.

SUBTITLE: She gave birth to future President George W. Bush shortly after.

While her husband built his career, she raised five children.

In 1966, George H.W. Bush was elected to his first political position.

Twenty-three years later, Barbara Bush became first lady of the United States.

INTERVIEWER: You`ve been speaking out a bit more than you did in the past. I notice (INAUDIBLE). You talked about Saddam Hussein as a dreadful man.

BUSH: Well, he`s a dreadful man. I don`t feel that`s controversial.

SUBTITLE: While she was first lady, she founded the Barbara Bush Foundation for Family Literacy.

BUSH: They were lima beans for dinner and I hate limas.

SUBTITLE: She was also an advocate for women`s health issues.

Her children nicknamed her "The Enforcer" for her tough responsibility.

BUSH: Instead of complaining about the problems we have, why not get in and try to solve some of them?

(END VIDEOTAPE)

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ (voice-over): Ten-second trivia:

Polyethylene terephthalate is a form of what?

Glass, amino acid, artificial flavor or plastic?

Also known as PET, polyethylene terephthalate is a widely used form of plastic.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: PET, because I don`t want to say that whole term again, is used to make everything from clothing and tennis balls to shampoo bottles and

especially water bottles. It`s inexpensive and lightweight. It`s strong and it doesn`t shutter. But it also doesn`t break down quickly in the

environment. Scientists believe that can take centuries.

In 2016, researchers found the type of bacterium that does eat PET and they utilize it to make an enzyme that breaks down plastic even faster. This

could help engineers better recycle plastics or get rid of them altogether before they become trash. In the meantime, we`re looking at the effects

plastics have when they are thrown away and what we can do to use less of them.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

REPORTER: Plastic is big business and it`s a big threat to our environment. We produce about 300 million tons of it every year. The most

popular things we make are things like these.

But of all the plastic ever created only 9 percent has been recycled, which means a lot of it ended up in a dump and our natural environment. In fact,

eight millions tons of plastics is dumped into our oceans every year. By 2050, there will be more plastic than fish in our waters.

But the same durability that makes plastic so useful also makes it a danger to our marine environment. This stuff takes years to break down, and as it

does, it can end up in the food chain where it releases harmful toxins contaminating fish that we ourselves eat, though at this point, scientists

don`t know exactly what eating contaminated fish does to human body. What we do know is that there are ways to help keep plastic from ending up in

the dumps and our oceans in the first place.

Here are five things you can do to use less plastic:

Cut out plastic straws. Use stainless steel or card ones instead.

Bring a reusable carry bag with you, instead of relying on plastic ones.

Packed meals in reusable containers.

Invest in reusable bottles for drinks, instead of using plastic bottles or takeaway cups.

And here`s the surprising one, stop chewing gum. It`s made of synthetic rubber, which is a type of plastic.

So, remember, your plastic picks can make a change.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Tumbleweeds, dried up parts of plants that detached and roll over wind swept landscapes are iconic elements of the American West. But this

is ridiculous y`all. Victorville, California, has become a real life tumbleweed town. Powerful winds blew them in by the hundreds, stocking

tumbleweeds so high in some places that residents called city officials to ask for help in getting rid of them. Someone even reportedly got trapped

at home until the tumbleweeds were removed.

It`s nothing to chafe at. People looking to branch out from the city, put down roots near the desert, thinking thistle be a place to call home. But

if some folks amaranth like the wind from the tumbleweed takeover, planting the plant themselves or somewhere else, you can see why it`s certainly no

desert rose.

I`m Carl Azuz for CNN 10.

END

CNN Student News 201804 18_A Meeting Between the President Trump and Japan`s Prime Minister Abe

APRIL 18, 2018

Two Cases before the U.S. Supreme Court; A Meeting Between the President Trump and Japan`s Prime Minister Abe; The Advent of Animals at Work

CARL AZUZ, CNN 10 ANCHOR: CNN 10 is your objective explanation of today`s news and I`m your anchor, Carl Azuz. It`s great to have you watching.

Today`s show starts with a pair of significant cases in front of the U.S. Supreme Court.

The first involves part of a federal law that concerned immigrants to the U.S. It said that people who came to the country legally but who were not

American citizens could be deported if they`ve been convicted of crimes of violence. Both the Obama and Trump administrations supported the law when

it came to a legal immigrant from the Philippines who was convicted twice of home burglary in California.

At first, a lower court ruled that his convictions amounted to a crime of violence. But the man`s lawyers appealed the decision, arguing their

client wasn`t given notice that his crimes would result in deportation, and that the "crimes of violence" part of the law wasn`t clear enough.

In a 5-4 ruling, the Supreme Court decided the law was too vague to be constitutional because Congress didn`t define what exactly would qualify as

a violent crime. So, in this case, the immigrant from the Philippines won`t be automatically deported.

The ruling is limited though. Experts say the government can still deport legal immigrants convicted of obvious violent crimes like murder.

The second case involves sales tax in the Internet. Oftentimes, when you buy something online in the U.S., you don`t have to pay sales tax, unless

you`re buying from Amazon itself, which charges it in most states, or if you`re shopping at a retail company that has a physical store in your

state.

South Dakota wants this changed. It says states are missing out on billions of dollars in e-commerce taxes when people don`t pay them online,

and it wants companies that sell more than $100,000 worth of goods in a year to collect taxes for South Dakota.

But many smaller businesses like ones that sell on eBay don`t want to be forced to collect taxes. They say they`ll lose thousands of they have to

charge sales tax and that the different taxes that states and cities have are too complicated to keep up with. The Supreme Court`s decision on this

is expected to come at around the beginning of summer.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ (voice-over): Ten-second trivia:

Which of these Japanese companies started making cars in 1917?

Mitsubishi, Honda, Toyota, or Mazda?

The first company on this list to produce a car was the Mitsubishi Shipbuilding Company which introduced its Model A in 1917.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: Right now, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe is visiting U.S. President Donald Trump at his estate in Florida. The two leaders will be

talking about North Korea.

Japan is a close ally of the U.S. and Prime Minister Abe is concerned about the direct talks that are planned between President Trump and North Korean

dictator Kim Jong Un. Japan`s worried that its interests and safety could be left out.

Another concern on Mr. Abe`s mind, the new tariffs that the Trump administration has placed on steel and aluminum imports from other

countries. Japan wants an exemption from those tariffs. So, trade would be a major factor in their meeting.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

DONALD TRUMP, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: I`ll talk to Prime Minister Abe of Japan and others, great guy, friend of mine, and they`ll be a little

smile in their face and the smile is I can`t believe we`ve been able to take advantage of the United States for so long.

ANNA STEWART, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): The U.S. has a $68.8 billion trade deficit with Japan. And at least 70 percent of that is the auto

industry. Despite Japan having zero car import tariffs, while Japan car brands Nissan, Honda and Toyota are a regular sight in the U.S., it`s a

different story here.

(on camera): There are just four American automakers with dealerships in Japan. That`s Chrysler, GM, Tesla and Jeep. And it`s pretty rare to see

any of them. In fact, having done a tour of this lovely parking lot, I found just one American car out of 66.

(voice-over): It tallies with the general stats for the country. Last month, American car sales were dwarfed by European and domestic brands.

Over 80 percent of the American car sold were Jeep.

PONTUS HAGGSTROM, PRESIDENT AND CEO, FCA JAPAN: We committed to this market.

STEWART: From side view mirrors that fold, to Japan`s narrow garages, to a right hand drive --

(on camera): Arigato.

(voice-over): -- Jeep has tailored its cars to the Japanese consumer. There were also things like noise and exhaust standards.

HAGGSTROM: There are a few things that are unique to Japan. There are regulations that relate to importation and certification of vehicles that

are unique, which means that we need to do additional testing, we need to provide a unique documentation for Japan.

STEWART: Trump says these higher standards make trading unfair.

KENJI KOBAYASHI, E.D., JAPAN AUTO. IMPORT ASSOCIATION: Trade deficits have various reasons, so the single government cannot control.

STEWART: European carmakers which faced the same regulations have made greater inwards in Japan. Last month, BMW sold over six times the cars of

all the American brands combined. This week, it launched a new model, the X2.

PETER KRONSCHNABL, PRESIDENT AND CEO, BMW JAPAN: In Japan, we have the so- called machine parkings. Machine parking with a height of one meter 55. But it`s not only the height, it`s also the widths. The door handles of

the three series, they are 10 millimeters more narrow than in a car which you are used in Europe.

STEWART: The Japanese market is a tight fit, but has room for foreign automakers that are prepared to adopt.

Anna Stewart, CNNMoney, Tokyo.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Unless you`re a farmer, your workplace or school probably doesn`t allow animals. Yes, there are some companies that let their employees

bring their pets, but this can`t work everywhere. Some of the human workers are allergic in places that serve food, animals violate health

codes.

And what happens if your cat kisses or your dog barks at your boss?

For places that can afford to have virtual animals though or even real ones, along with people to clean up after them, the workplace is getting

some unfamiliar places.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

YASUYUKI NAMBU, CEO, PASONA (translated): We have two cows. And goats. And, what is it called? The white and pink -- flamingos!

REPORTER: And whether they`re real or fake, animals are impacting how people work. And we`re seeing that in offices across Japan, like this one

the 24th floor of a Tokyo-based online entertainment and sales company. Digital art covers the walls, along with over 250 types of plants, creating

an interactive jungle.

NAMBU: We wanted to make something that did not yet exist.

REPORTER: Rainfall is not on visitors but around them. And animals are with you to meetings, there`s 26 to be exact, each alphabetically assigned

to a room, you know, B stands for bear, H is for hippo, S for skunk, X -- huh! X

TAKUMI NOMOTO, CHIEF CREATIVE OFFICER, DMM.COM (translated): "X" stands for Xenopus Laevis.

REPORTER: Hmm, of course.

In part, this $10 million area was built to impress clients. But Mr. Nomoto also thinks that reinventing office space will trigger creativity

across the company.

NOMOTO: With a standard point of view, nothing new is born.

REPORTER: Meanwhile, across town, a different kind of animal occupies office space at one of Japan`s largest human resource companies and this

farm is just one of its features.

NAMBU: For wellbeing, we have a salon, a gym, a kids` room. Therefore, I consider the workspace as a town or village.

REPORTER: And the village isn`t complete without animals.

Yasuyuki Nambu built the ranch partly to raise awareness about Japan`s shrinking farm industry. But the 60 animals also boost employee wellbeing.

NAMBU: When they play with the soccer ball, I just want to hug them.

REPORTER: That`s kind of the idea.

Reports show how animals at work can improve morale and productivity. OK, maybe not without alpacas, but with pets. Cats and dogs not only relieve

stress, but they can help with work-life balance, employee retention and overall satisfaction.

NAMBU: Some people can spend longer at work than at home, so why not make it less stressful and more fun?

REPORTER: And at the end of the day, that`s the goal, to help make the workplace of tomorrow a better place to be in. And if that means a few

office pigs -- well, that couldn`t hurt.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: For "10 Out of 10", if you think the stonefish doesn`t look creepy enough just swimming around, think about this, researchers at the

University of Kansas say the animal has a switch blade on its face. They believe a bony sort of weapon is located under its eyes, controlled by its

cheek muscles and that the species that have this can flip out the blades when they think trouble is afoot or aswim. They called the protrusion a

"lachrymal saber".

And if you savor the competition of a staring contest, don`t lock eyes with the stonefish, they`re no angel fish and you barracuda get hurt if its

piercing gaze comes trout and you`re not with the safe grouper. If a stonefish ever meets a hatchet fish, they better know a good plastic

sturgeon y`all.

I`m Carl Azuz spinning fish stories for CNN 10.

END 

CNN Student News 201705 04

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CNN Student News 201705 03

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CNN Student News 201801 07

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CNN Student News 201801 03

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CNN Student News 201804 17_Survivors of an Alleged Chemical Attack in Syria Share Their Memories

APRIL 17, 2018

Survivors of an Alleged Chemical Attack in Syria Share Their Memories; 

Researchers Envision a Dream-Recording Machine; 

A Positive Athlete Remembers His Mother

CARL AZUZ, CNN 10 ANCHOR: This is CNN 10 and I`m Carl Azuz at CNN Center. We`re happy to see you this Tuesday.

The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons or OPCW is an independent organization. Its goals include getting rid of the chemical weapons that some countries have made and helping protect people from them. And on the same day that the U.S., the U.K. and France launched airstrikes against the Syrian government, for its alleged use of the chemical weapons in the town of Douma, investigators from the OPCW arrived in the Syrian capital and they`ve been waiting to get access to Douma. 

The attack on April 7th killed 75 people. The World Health Organization says 500 others were treated with symptoms that a chemical weapons attack would cause. The United Nations bans the use of chemical weapons of war, but the OPCW says it`s seen more than 390 accusations of chemical weapons use in Syria since 2014.

Western leaders blamed the Syrian government for using them in Douma. Syria and its ally Russia have strongly denied it. And the OPCW team is trying to find out what the truth is. The U.S. is considered that Russia might have tampered with evidence at the site of the alleged attack and the U.K. has accused Russia and Syria of keeping OPCW inspectors from entering Douma. 

While they waited hope to get access to the site, CNN`s Arwa Damon recently spoke to survivors of the alleged attack. Their story shows how even those who live carry the scars of war in their memory.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

ARWA DAMON, CNN SENIOR INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT: And there`s definitely something that stinks.

(voice-over): These backpacks belong to Malas (ph) and Betha (ph), 7-year- old twins from Douma.

They`re a little shy and hesitant. 

They smelled something Malas (ph) says.

Their mother, Imoor (ph), tells us they remember everything vividly. 

They were hiding in a basement when the alleged chemical weapons attack in Douma took place. They could barely breathe. She felt her body go limp. 

She clawed her way up, dragging her daughters but then the other strikes began. 

We were between two deaths, she remembers, either from chemical strikes or the others on the rooftop.

(on camera): The smell is still quite strong because I think that they weren`t able to wash yet.

Look, that`s the toy that her daughter hid away to try to keep her safe and she would tell the toy, you know, you might -- you might suffocate but at least you`ll be safe from the bombing. That is how -- that`s how the kids` minds work.

Yesterday, they were digging a tunnel for the ants so that the ants wouldn`t suffocate, just in case something happened.

(voice-over): In another tent, we meet a boy with a jagged scar running across his abdomen from shrapnel. His uncle, who doesn`t want to be identified, was among the worst affected in the family in the chemical strike.

He says a blood sample was taken the day before. This new camp is inhabited with those who survived the siege of Douma. Its relentless, months-long bombing that drove families underground so that something as simple as feeling the sun on their skin was a luxury.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ (voice-over): Ten-second trivia:

"We are such stuff/As dreams are made on, and our little life/Is rounded with a sleep" is from what Shakespeare play?

The Tempest, Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet or As You Like It?

These are the words of Prospero in Shakespeare`s play The Tempest.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: Will we one day wake to a world where we can rewatch our dreams on a video recorder, or is that just a pipe dream?

There are a number of scientists working on technology that could answer those questions. At the University of Texas at Austin, researchers are using a device to measure nerve impulses while people sleep. Electrodes on their arms, legs, chin and lips are trying to detect how people are moving and what they`re saying in their dreams.

A separate study at Japan`s Kyoto University is using a type of MRI to look at brain activity as people wake up and then try to reconstruct the images they saw in dreams. 

And another group at Northwestern University is using electrodes on brain surgery patients to detect the activity of specific brain cells. A researcher there says this could determine the subject of dreams like a mom or a dad. 

Put all this information together, one scientist says, and you might be able to see a type of replay of your dreams. A machine to do this does not exist. Researchers say that could be decades away and if something like it is invented, there are some ethical concerns about it.

Could dreams be hacked somehow to get private information about someone?

Researchers say most people have four to six dreams per night, but forget 90 percent them. Scientists do not agree about the function dreams have or how important they are.

The dreams of an American student and football player named Khoury Bethley go beyond the touchdowns he scores. He`s working to fulfill the dreams his mother had for him and to keep the promise he made her. Khoury is an example of a positive athlete, a young person who`s making a difference or persevering on and off the field. CNN.com/PositiveAthlete is where you can go to nominate someone for our new series.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

KHOURY BETHLEY, POSITIVE ATHLETE: I`m Khoury Bethley. I go to Don Lugo High School. I`m going to the University of Hawaii to play football and I have this tattoo. It represents my mom and when she passed away. And that`s why I play for her.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: It was probably the worst (INAUDIBLE) that hurt my life. It was a thing you don`t prepare for or thing you don`t know what to tell your kids.

BETHLEY: I lost my mom to brain cancer at age 6. She`d come home and then start feeling sick, until she`d come -- she`d go back to the hospital and then she`s ended up losing all her memory and everything and she just passed away.

That`s why I play for her, her and my family and just want to make it so I can take care f my family and just to live out what she wanted us to do, just get our education. 

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: General ed first and then you can get the bachelors degrees after that.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Well, right now, we`re currently about 36 percent of our students qualified to go to colleges, including Khoury. He`s been a great role model in letting students know that despite your circumstances, you need to keep going forward and finish with college so that you can make a good life for yourself.

BETHLEY: I made a pledge to my mom before she passed away that I`d get my degree my college and graduate and get my diploma.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: He`s a very humble young man.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: We want to take a moment to introduce all of our seniors, number six, Khoury Bethley

SUBTITLE: Steve Bethley remarried. They lovingly called their new extended family "Brown Brady Brunch".

BETHLEY: She always was like my angel. She`s watching down on me.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: In the northern hemisphere, it`s officially been spring since March 20, but the first part of April has brought blizzard conditions to the northern plains and the Upper Midwest.

The cold and the snow have set records in several states including Michigan where meteorologist Garry Frank of affiliate WXMI reached a limit.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

SUBTITLE: This Michigan meteorologist is sick of hearing complaints about his cold weather reports.

GARRY FRANK, WXMI METEOROLOGIST: It`s going to be fine. 

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Good.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: It`ll be fine.

FRANK: It`ll be fine.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: All right.

FRANK: It could be worse, has been worse.

Well, because you guys are dragging me down. You guys keep -- every time I get done with the seven-day, you guys are like "Ugh! Gosh!" Four-thirty, 

5:30, 6:30! And then you expect me to be chipper for five straight hours. It`s miserable!

I want you guys to say, wow, that`s great news. It`s going to be 60 on Friday.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: But then you said it`s going to snow on again!

FRANK: Well, what do you want me to do? Lie to you? I`ll put 70 every day next ime. God!

Here`s some wind. Here`s some temperature. Twenties, feels like 19, or feels like 70. I don`t know.

Here`s a 60, I don`t know if that`s good enough for you guys. Get excited. Maybe I`ll disappoint you with the seven-day here in a few minutes.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Is he done? That was terrifying.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: Well, the weather outside is frightful and I guess he didn`t want to weather anymore criticism. That kind of thing could give anyone an icy demeanor. Thankfully, he got the meteorologist of his report across and even with his burning frustration, the weather itself still manage to ensure it was a cold ending.

I`m Carl Azuz and that`s CNN 10.

CNN Student News 201804 16_Allied Forces Led By the U.S. Launch Strikes on Syria

APRIL 16, 2018

Allied Forces Led By the U.S. Launch Strikes on Syria; A Detailed Look at the Moon; A CNN Hero Utilizes Exoskeletons to Help Others Walk

CARL AZUZ, CNN 10 ANCHOR: Hi. I`m Carl Azuz for CNN 10.

On Friday night, the United States, the United Kingdom and France worked together to launch military strikes on the Middle Eastern country of Syria. 

Today`s show starts with an explanation of what happened and how people have reacted to it in Syria and beyond.

The airstrikes were carried out from allied ships, fighter jets and bombers. They were in response to an apparent chemical weapons attack earlier this month. It killed dozens of people in the rebel held Syrian town of Douma. Britain, France and the U.S. blamed the Syrian government for the attacks. Syria and its ally Russia denied it. 

The missiles launched on Friday were aimed at three specific sites, a scientific research center in the Syrian capital of Damascus and two chemical weapons facilities near the western Syrian city of Homs. The U.S. military called the sites the heart of the Syrian chemical weapons program.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

DONALD TRUMP, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: The purpose of our actions tonight is to establish a strong deterrent against the production, spread and use of chemical weapons.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: And President Trump and the U.S. military say Friday`s mission was accomplished. 

Russia says the strikes were against international law and that they`ll upset the, quote, political settlement in the crisis in Syria. Iran, another ally of Syria, called the strikes a major crime. Israel, an ally of the U.S., said it supported the airstrikes and that they enforced U.S. policy not to allow chemical weapons attacks.

And the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations says American remains locked and loaded to strike if more chemical attacks are carried out.

There`s been some argument over how effective the strikes. The Syrian government says some of the targeted sites weren`t damaged at all. 

Satellite images provided by the U.S. military showed the opposite.

The Pentagon says every target was hit successfully. Russia, an ally of Syria, says most of the missiles fired were intercepted by Syrian defense system.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

NICK PATON WALSH, CNN SENIOR INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT: The Syrian regime keeps pumping out the same propaganda message of effectively resisting any moves against it. Certainly, during a meeting with Russian lawmakers, Bashar al-Assad, suggested that in fact it was so Soviet era legacy almost, Russian supplied anti-aircraft systems that defeated over a hundred state of the art precision missiles launched by the U.S., U.K. and France. Obviously, that might be hard to believe. Frankly, it was hard to believe that 70 of the 100 or so, as Russia claimed, were taken out by anti-aircraft missiles on the way. 

The Pentagon has said none of their missiles were intercepted and in fact shown before and after satellite imagery, on a commercial basis, showing the damage done to the pre-selected facilities they chose to target.

But still, regardless of the truth of the matter here, this is about Damascus saying they`ve really picked themselves up, dusted themselves down and life is carrying on as normal. Another message Bashar al-Assad gave to those Russian lawmakers was that we needed $14 billion to rebuild the country, the parts of the country that have been destroyed by the Syrian civil war, the Syrian civil war, much of the destruction of which his military and backers have been behind.

So, Damascus really I think perhaps thinking they`ve dodged a bit of a blow here. It`s unclear whether they`ve actually taken on board the message that the use of chemical weapons will or leads to a Western response like this. It was comparatively small amount of their infrastructure, but was indeed targeted. But I`m showing Moscow and Tehran, they`re asking themselves whether or not the last week frankly was worth it, and whether that`s pressuring Bashar al Assad to again not use weapons of this sort.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ (voice-over): Ten-second trivia:

Where would you find Grimaldi, Copernicus and the Sea of Clouds?

The Sistine Chapel, the Circuit de Monaco, the Orion Nebula or the moon?

These are all features of the moon, the Earth`s natural satellite.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: And that is our next stop today on CNN 10. To the moon!

Now, this here is what that satellite looks like in 4K, or ultra high definition resolution. It comes to us courtesy of a NASA mission launched in 2009 called the lunar reconnaissance orbiter mission. Its cost is an estimated $583 million. Its goal is to make detailed maps of the moon.

So, this is a virtual tour. If you`ll kindly return your tray tables to their full upright position and direct your attention through the window. 

You`ll see what the terrain looks like on the moon, and you`ll get a pleasant glimpse of the Orientale Basin which stretches about 580 miles wide.

Our next point of interest is the Moon`s South Pole, which is believed to be significantly colder than the Earth`s South Pole. In the years since this mission was launched, it sent back some highly detailed views and led to what scientists call some groundbreaking discoveries.

For instance, they believe the coldest spot in our solar system isn`t on the planetoid formally known as the planet Pluto, but instead on the moon, where temperatures can plunge to negative 415 degrees Fahrenheit. So, if humans set off on the moon again, they won`t be able to grill out.

OK, back on earth. A CNN hero is helping others like her do something that their doctors never thought would be possible. She`s helping them walk again.

Amanda Boxtel says a bionic exoskeleton suit can cost $90,000. But the non-profit she started has brought more than 60 people in her community the ability to walk without the cost of the suit.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

AMANDA BOXTEL, CNN HERO: When I dream, I fly, and I have freedom I can`t get enough. And if I wake from those flying magical places, there`s always just this harsh reality of oh, you`re paralyzed.

Twenty-six years ago, I went out skiing and I remember I somersaulted and landed on my back. And I knew in that instant that I was paralyzed. I was so young, I felt like the mountain had robbed me the use of my legs. But I was determined to show that I wasn`t going to give up so easily.

I had imagined myself being encased in an outer shell and walking upright, and then I received a phone call that changed my life. I was invited to test a prototype exoskeleton. I stood up and I walked for the first time in 18 years and it was as if all of my dreams were burgeoning to life in one upright powerful moment.

Right now, I have no pain, the exoskeleton takes away my pain. 

This type of technology, it`s not easily accessible, it`s not affordable and I thought, we could get a whole community up and walking with this unit. Why not?

Bridging Bionics literally bridges mobility with bionic technology. We are truly giving the gift of mobility for free or next to nothing, to help our community get upright and walking gain.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Push back.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Yes.

BOXTEL: We have physical therapists that work one on one with our clients to customize program geared to each neurological condition.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: You don`t know how bad my legs needed this.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Before workout with Bridging Bionics, making a step by myself wasn`t a possibility. But then after my muscle started working together, in ways that they weren`t before, to the point where I set my goal to across the stage for my graduation. 

It helped to gain stuff back and be able to say this is my moment.

I race you to that door.

BOXTEL: This is the power of technology that everybody should have access to. 

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: That`s all you right there.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Good job.

BOXTEL: Life is not over when someone sustained a traumatic injury. Life goes on. It`s just a little different. And that`s OK.

(END VIDOETAPE0

AZUZ: For 10 out of 10, some of the older turtles may have a look at this and think this kid is a punk, but why judge the merry river turtle just because he has green hair and spikes on his chin. He likes water and algae just like the rest of them. In fact, it`s algae that builds up on the heads of these reptiles to give them that mohawk. 

Unfortunately, they`re endangered. Biologists say an exotic pet craze in the 1960s and `70s greatly reduced their numbers. You can`t hear the turtles remoaning (ph) about it, but the clash between them and people had a rants (ph) and effect, creating more than a minor threat to them, but they`re getting paramour attention now, thanks to the social distortion caused by their endangered classification, giving their dissidents a better change.

I`m Carl Azuz for CNN 10.